While we know and recognize most visible objects through the pattern of light they reflect, (not absorb), in the infra red spectrum, (an invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum), the pattern of absorption and emission is different, and the changed patterns, when caught on film and analyzed can tell scientists a lot about the subject being captured.
The unique infrared reflection patterns of soil and vegetation, are being used by agricultural scientists to study farmland through infra red aerial photography. For example, healthy growing green plants can be recognized on infra red photography by their red color. Moist soil, on the other hand, which can be frequently noted in irrigated farmland before or after the growing season, has a green appearance on infra red films. In areas where previous drainage tile or pipeline has been buried, the soil pattern is perceived as a lighter green. This lighter green is a result of the rapid drainage of water from the sector, and or the impedance to access of water into the sector because of the buried pipeline. As a result, the soil is less moist and less dark.
Water, and the sky, both absorb and do not reflect infra red light, and appear black on infrared photography. If you examine an infrared picture of farming area adjacent to a lagoon, you can tell whether the saline water from the lagoon is seeping into the farmland, by the extent of darkening of the green color in soil adjacent to the lagoon.
While most soil appears yellow-brown in visible light, soil appears green in infrared photography. If the soil contains less moisture, such as soil which is sandier and less loamy, then the soil will appear lighter. Also the vegetation growing in such soil will appear a lighter shade of red, indicating it is not as healthy a growth. Areas of shallow soil, topsoil, land leveling, and pipe installation have a lighter color.
While all healthy vegetation has a red color, there are actually many gradations in the shades of red, and a number of plants can be recognized by their color signature. Water, as I mentioned above, is black, and water with suspended clay or soil particles appears blue green. Moist soil appears a very dark green. Additional colors appearing in infrared photography include pink indicating stressed or immature vegetation, and white indicating, sand, clay or canola in bloom.
Stress to top soil can leave an infrared signature for many years. A tree shaded area 25 years after the trees were removed and a right of way for a pipe line 25 years after the pipes were installed, both appeared as dark strips on infra red photography. of grassy vegetation.
Thanks to Winmax Video of California for sponsoring this report. Winmax is a video company specializing in the production of business videos including trade show video and restaurant video.
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